Long multiplication: step-by-step example
23 October 2026
Long multiplication can look tricky at first, but breaking it down into simple steps helps children see how each part works. By working through a clear example, your child can follow the method and understand how to tackle similar questions in their 11+ maths practice.
Worked example
234 × 56
Step 1: Write 234 on top and 56 underneath, lining up the digits.
Step 2: Multiply 234 by 6 (the units digit of 56).
6 × 4 = 24. Write 4, carry 2.
6 × 3 = 18. Add the carried 2: 18 + 2 = 20. Write 0, carry 2.
6 × 2 = 12. Add the carried 2: 12 + 2 = 14. Write 14.
So, 234 × 6 = 1404. Write this as the first row.
Step 3: Multiply 234 by 5 (the tens digit of 56). Remember to put a 0 in the units place.
5 × 4 = 20. Write 0, carry 2.
5 × 3 = 15. Add the carried 2: 15 + 2 = 17. Write 7, carry 1.
5 × 2 = 10. Add the carried 1: 10 + 1 = 11. Write 11.
So, 234 × 50 = 11700. Write this as the second row, starting from the tens place.
Step 4: Add the two results together.
1404 + 11700 = 13104
The correct answer is 13104.
| Step | Calculation | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 234 × 6 | 6 × 4 = 24 (write 4, carry 2) 6 × 3 = 18 + 2 = 20 (write 0, carry 2) 6 × 2 = 12 + 2 = 14 (write 14) | 1404 |
| 234 × 50 | 5 × 4 = 20 (write 0, carry 2) 5 × 3 = 15 + 2 = 17 (write 7, carry 1) 5 × 2 = 10 + 1 = 11 (write 11) | 11700 |
| Add | 1404 + 11700 | 13104 |
After following this example, your child will be able to spot how long multiplication is set out and why each step matters. They can now try more questions like this to build confidence and accuracy with long multiplication for the 11+ exam.
